![]() In the 19th century Francis Parkman considered his ''Montcalm and Wolfe'' to be his crowning achievement. In the 20th century Lawrence Henry Gipson published a three-volume history. Two of America's most eminent historians devoted years of research and writing to the great contest for empire. Though it formally lasted from 1756 until 1763, the war's first shots were fired in the spring of 1754 between French troops asserting their country's claim to the Ohio Valley and Virginians commanded by the 22-year-old George Washington. But the conflict - in which Britain and Prussia opposed France, Austria and Spain - spread to Europe, the Caribbean, West Africa, India and the Philippines. North Americans associate it primarily with the British conquest of Canada. Churchill called the Seven Years' War the first world war. ![]() In Europe, the Seven Years War largely resulted in status quo ante bellum (the Latin phrase meaning "the state existing before the war").Of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. In 1762, they also conquered Manila in the Philippines and solidified their grip over India. The British Empire further gained territory in Guadeloupe (1759), Martinique (1762), and Havana (1762) in the West Indies. Spain transferred control of Florida to Britain while France ceded Louisiana and all of its territory west of the Mississippi to Spain. In North America, Britain gained control over critical French holdings, including Louisbourg (1758), Québec (1759), and Montreal (1760). ![]() The Royal Navy ultimately established itself as an unstoppable machine, capable of ruling the high seas for over a century to come.ĭespite mobilizing more than a million soldiers, France ultimately lost the Seven Years War to the Anglo-Prussian alliance. Britain achieved a stunning series of maritime victories, giving them control over vast new territory. On May 17, 1756, the British Parliament formally declared war on France however, the declaration was two years after skirmishes initially broke out between the two sides in the Ohio Valley. Prussia survived the war after benefiting from both good fortune and a politically divided enemy. Frederick won two impressive victories at the battles of Rossbach and Leuthen but incurred massive casualties by the end of the war. On August 26, 1756, Prussian forces preemptively invaded Austria’s ally Saxony, fearing the Russians would use it as a military base. The second conflict centered on Frederick the Great’s struggle against his long-time enemies of Austria and Russia. The first centered on Britain’s century-long struggle with France and Spain over its colonial possessions around the world. The Seven Years War was essentially an amalgamation of two pre-existing conflicts. While the second coalition was headed by France alongside the Holy Roman Empire, Austria, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, and the Russian Empire. ![]() Britain was also supported by the Thirteen Colonies and the Iroquois Confederacy in North America. The first group, led by Great Britain, included Prussia, Portugal, Hanover, and a few other smaller states. The war split Europe into two main coalitions. Historians generally consider it to be the first ‘world war’ with some calling it “World War Zero.” The main theatres of battle spanned five continents across Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. As the name suggests, the war lasted for a total of seven years from 1756 to 1763. The Seven Years War was a global conflict that involved all of the European superpowers. Today on May 17, 1756, the bloody Seven Years War broke out as tensions between the Great Powers of Europe reached a boiling point.
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